cient intra - household allocations and distribution factors : implications and identi cation . 1 François Bourguignon

This paper provides an exhaustive characterization of testability and identi…ability issues in the collective framework in the absence of price variation; it thus provides a theoretical underpinning for a number of empirical works that have been developed recently. We …rst provide a simple and general test of the Pareto e¢ ciency hypothesis, which is consistent with all possible assumptions on the private or public nature of goods, all possible consumption externalities between household members, and all types of interdependent individual preferences and domestic production technology. The test is proved to be necessary and su¢ cient. We then provide conditions for the identi…cation of the sharing rule and the Engel curves of individual household members for a variety of di¤erent observational schemes. JEL classi…cation: D13 Keywords: intrahousehold allocation, collective models, identi…cation, sharing, z-demands.